英国剑桥大学动物学博士、南安普顿大学生理学和生物化学教授杰拉尔德‧A‧科尔库特(Gerald Allan Kerkut)在1965年发表的著作《进化的启示》(Implications of Evolution)中这样提到,进化论是建立在七个基本假设前提之上的。然而,在关于进化论的讨论中,这七个基本前提常常没有被提及;而许多人经常忽略前六个假设前提,只考虑第七个。²⁵
荣获三个科学博士学位的英国化学家阿瑟‧欧内斯特‧威尔德‧史密斯教授(Prof. Dr. Arthur Ernest Wilder-Smith, 1915—1995)在1981年出版的著作《自然科学对进化一无所知》(The Natural Sciences Know Nothing of Evolution)中这样阐述:“新达尔文主义七个主要假设前提,没有一个可以被证实,也没有一个可以用实验来验证。如果没有实验的证据支持,整个理论就难以被视为科学;如果新达尔文主义七个假设不能用实验证明,就应该将其视为哲学,而不是科学,因为科学应该是能够用实验证实的事物。”²⁹
1985年《分子进化杂志》(Journal of Molecular Evolution)的文章认为,早期地球上含有大量水蒸气,而大气上层的水光解离产生氧气³⁷。《加拿大地球科学杂志》(Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences)的文章认为,在地球最早的沉积层中发现了富氧红床(red bed)³⁸,提示早期地球上存在氧气。
新西兰当代著名分子生物学家迈克尔‧道顿教授(Prof. Dr. Michael Denton, 1943—)在1985年出版的著作《进化论:陷入危机的理论》(Evolution: A Theory in Crisis)中这样评论:“生命起源前,(原始)汤的存在是地球上生命进化出现的必要条件,但即使找到了汤的有力证据,生命起源的问题仍远未解决。生命起源问题最难的地方不在于汤的起源,而在于从汤到细胞的各个阶段,在用于构建细胞的基本构件、氨基酸、糖和其它简单有机化合物与已知最简单的生命系统类型之间存在巨大的不连续性(鸿沟)。”⁴⁴
美国国家科学院分子生物学奖、伯尔尼大学汉斯西格里斯特奖和美国国家科学院早期地球和生命科学奖的获得者杰拉尔德‧乔伊斯(Gerald F. Joyce)医学博士曾经对生命的起源和RNA在地球生命早期历史中的作用有着长期的兴趣,他试图通过RNA找到支持进化论的证据。结果经过了很多尝试,他没有找到支持生命始于RNA的任何证据⁴⁶,这让试图证明进化论的人们再一次失望。
德国马克斯‧普朗克分子细胞生物学与遗传学研究所(Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics,简称MPI-CBG)在2016年发表的研究指出,人与被进化论认为的人的近亲黑猩猩的大脑结构有很多不同⁶²:首先,人的大脑大约是黑猩猩大脑的三倍;其次,人大脑表面的结构,称为“大脑皮层”,在记忆、注意力、意识和思维方面起着关键作用──在人类大脑皮层的细胞数量是黑猩猩同一区域的两倍,而且人大脑皮层中的脑细胞网络的行为也与黑猩猩有很大不同。
2. 进化论“是没有证据且与事实不符的假设”
牛津大学生化学家、药物学家恩斯特‧伯利斯‧柴恩教授(Prof. Dr. Sir Ernst Boris Chain, 1906—1979)与苏格兰生物学家植物学家亚历山大‧弗莱明(Sir Alexander Fleming, 1881—1955)爵士一起,因为发现盘尼西林(Penicillin)的治疗效果而获得1945年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
3. 进化论“是达尔文的白日梦”
美国当代杰出生理学家约瑟夫‧马斯特罗保罗教授(Prof. Dr. Joseph A. Mastropaolo)曾在道格拉斯太空公司(Douglas Space Systems)和加州州立大学长滩分校(California State University, Long Beach)等机构做过三十多年的研究和教学工作,在《科学》杂志上发表过22篇学术论文并多次获奖。
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