英國劍橋大學動物學博士、南安普頓大學生理學和生物化學教授傑拉爾德‧A‧科爾庫特(Gerald Allan Kerkut)在1965年發表的著作《進化的啓示》(Implications of Evolution)中這樣提到,進化論是建立在七個基本假設前提之上的。然而,在關於進化論的討論中,這七個基本前提常常沒有被提及;而許多人經常忽略前六個假設前提,只考慮第七個。²⁵
榮獲三個科學博士學位的英國化學家阿瑟‧歐內斯特‧威爾德‧史密斯教授(Prof. Dr. Arthur Ernest Wilder-Smith, 1915—1995)在1981年出版的著作《自然科學對進化一無所知》(The Natural Sciences Know Nothing of Evolution)中這樣闡述:「新達爾文主義七個主要假設前提,沒有一個可以被證實,也沒有一個可以用實驗來驗證。如果沒有實驗的證據支持,整個理論就難以被視爲科學;如果新達爾文主義七個假設不能用實驗證明,就應該將其視爲哲學,而不是科學,因爲科學應該是能夠用實驗證實的事物。」²⁹
1985年《分子進化雜誌》(Journal of Molecular Evolution)的文章認爲,早期地球上含有大量水蒸氣,而大氣上層的水光解離產生氧氣³⁷。《加拿大地球科學雜誌》(Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences)的文章認爲,在地球最早的沉積層中發現了富氧紅床(red bed)³⁸,提示早期地球上存在氧氣。
新西蘭當代著名分子生物學家邁克爾‧道頓教授(Prof. Dr. Michael Denton, 1943—)在1985年出版的著作《進化論:陷入危機的理論》(Evolution: A Theory in Crisis)中這樣評論:「生命起源前,(原始)湯的存在是地球上生命進化出現的必要條件,但即使找到了湯的有力證據,生命起源的問題仍遠未解決。生命起源問題最難的地方不在於湯的起源,而在於從湯到細胞的各個階段,在用於構建細胞的基本構件、氨基酸、糖和其它簡單有機化合物與已知最簡單的生命系統類型之間存在巨大的不連續性(鴻溝)。」⁴⁴
美國國家科學院分子生物學獎、伯爾尼大學漢斯西格里斯特獎和美國國家科學院早期地球和生命科學獎的獲得者傑拉爾德‧喬伊斯(Gerald F. Joyce)醫學博士曾經對生命的起源和RNA在地球生命早期歷史中的作用有着長期的興趣,他試圖通過RNA找到支持進化論的證據。結果經過了很多嘗試,他沒有找到支持生命始於RNA的任何證據⁴⁶,這讓試圖證明進化論的人們再一次失望。
德國馬克斯‧普朗克分子細胞生物學與遺傳學研究所(Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics,簡稱MPI-CBG)在2016年發表的研究指出,人與被進化論認爲的人的近親黑猩猩的大腦結構有很多不同⁶²:首先,人的大腦大約是黑猩猩大腦的三倍;其次,人大腦表面的結構,稱爲「大腦皮層」,在記憶、注意力、意識和思維方面起着關鍵作用──在人類大腦皮層的細胞數量是黑猩猩同一區域的兩倍,而且人大腦皮層中的腦細胞網絡的行爲也與黑猩猩有很大不同。
2. 進化論「是沒有證據且與事實不符的假設」
牛津大學生化學家、藥物學家恩斯特‧伯利斯‧柴恩教授(Prof. Dr. Sir Ernst Boris Chain, 1906—1979)與蘇格蘭生物學家植物學家亞歷山大‧弗萊明(Sir Alexander Fleming, 1881—1955)爵士一起,因爲發現盤尼西林(Penicillin)的治療效果而獲得1945年諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎。
3. 進化論「是達爾文的白日夢」
美國當代傑出生理學家約瑟夫‧馬斯特羅保羅教授(Prof. Dr. Joseph A. Mastropaolo)曾在道格拉斯太空公司(Douglas Space Systems)和加州州立大學長灘分校(California State University, Long Beach)等機構做過三十多年的研究和教學工作,在《科學》雜誌上發表過22篇學術論文並多次獲獎。
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